The ten essentials
- Navigation: a paper map or offline map, plus a charged phone and battery pack
- Sun protection: sunglasses, sunscreen and a hat
- Layers: a warm layer and a rain shell, even in summer
- Headlamp or flashlight
- First aid kit
- Fire starter (matches or a lighter) for emergencies
- Repair kit and tools (a small knife, tape)
- Extra food
- Extra water and a way to treat it
- Emergency shelter: a space blanket or tarp
Extras by type of park
- Desert parks (Death Valley, Joshua Tree, Big Bend, Arches, Zion and others): at least one gallon of water per person per day, electrolytes or salty snacks, long sleeves and a wide hat.
- Mountain and high parks (Rocky Mountain, Yellowstone, Glacier, Mount Rainier): warm hat and gloves, rain shell, sunscreen for strong high-altitude sun.
- Grizzly country (Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Glacier and the Alaska parks): bear spray you can reach. Buy or rent it near the park; it cannot fly in checked or carry-on bags on most airlines.
- Coast and island parks: water shoes, a dry bag, seasickness tablets for boat trips.
- Cave parks (Mammoth Cave, Carlsbad Caverns, Wind Cave): a light jacket and shoes with grip. Do not bring clothes or gear used in other caves.
- Camping: a sleeping bag rated for the nights, and buy stove fuel and firewood near the park.
What to leave at home
- Drones. Launching, landing or flying drones is prohibited in almost every park site.
- Firewood from home. It can spread tree-killing pests. Buy it where you burn it.
- Plans to take souvenirs from nature. Rocks, plants, antlers and artifacts stay in the park.
- Pets, unless you have checked the rules. Where pets are allowed they must be on a leash no longer than 6 feet, and many trails do not allow them.
Find your park’s list under Know before you go on any park page.
Sources
- NPS: The Ten Essentials
- NPS White Sands: hiking safety (at least one gallon of water per person per day)
- NPS Yellowstone: Safety (100 yards from bears, wolves and cougars; 25 yards from all other animals)
- NPS: Uncrewed aircraft in the national parks (Policy Memorandum 14-05, 36 CFR 1.5)
- NPS: Don’t move firewood (buy it where you burn it)
- NPS: B.A.R.K. rules for pets (leash no longer than 6 feet)
- NPS Blue Ridge Parkway compendium, 36 CFR 2.1: preservation of natural and cultural resources
Last checked 1 November 2026.